About the Journal

Editorial Guidelines

The journal Estrategia publishes research papers that contribute to strengthening knowledge in the social sciences, particularly in the areas of economics, administration, and business.

Instructions for Authors

The journal Estrategia, of the Faculty of Economic, Administrative and Accounting Sciences of Universidad del Sinú – Elías Bechara Zainúm, annually publishes original and unpublished articles that are not under any editorial commitment and are not simultaneously under evaluation or editing by another publication or institution. Likewise, the contents presented in the articles are the sole responsibility of their authors.

Authors may not participate with two manuscripts in the same editorial process, nor may they publish consecutively in the journal’s editions. Once an author has published, they must wait at least one year before publishing again, thus avoiding possible conflicts of interest.

When submitting a manuscript to Estrategia, all authors must be fully declared. Authors may not be added after the article has entered the editorial process, nor may individuals who did not significantly participate in its preparation be included. Regarding authorship exclusions, although ideally avoided, if necessary, the individual concerned must send a formal communication to the editor requesting withdrawal from the article and justifying the reasons for such request through the journal portal or the editor’s email.

Manuscripts submitted to Estrategia may belong to one of the following categories:

Research Article

A document presenting original results from a completed research project. Its structure usually includes four main sections: introduction, methodology, results, and conclusions.

Literature Review Article

A document resulting from completed research in which previous research findings, whether published or unpublished, on a specific field are analyzed, systematized, and integrated in order to identify advances and trends in that field. It is characterized by a careful bibliographic review including at least 50 references.

Case Study

A document presenting the results of a detailed analysis of a specific situation to describe the technical and methodological experiences applied in a particular case. It must also contain a review of the literature on similar cases.

Note: The journal does not accept descriptive bibliometric studies, such as the mere counting of publications, as these distort the journal’s primary objective of analyzing and understanding trends and behaviors in science.

Manuscript Structure

Title

Its purpose is to present the manuscript content attractively. It must be concise, clear, and precise so that readers can easily identify the topic. It should not be excessively long (no more than 20 words is recommended). Unnecessary abbreviations should not be included.

Abstract

Its purpose is to provide a synthesis of the presented study, highlighting the objective, methodology, and most relevant findings. It should not contain bibliographic citations or footnotes. Its length should range between 150 and 250 words in a single paragraph.

Keywords

Representative terms describing the content of a document that allow its classification, organization, and retrieval in indexes, catalogs, systems, and databases. Their purpose is to facilitate users’ access to relevant and pertinent information when conducting searches in one or more fields of knowledge. The manuscript must include between four and six keywords, separated by semicolons (;), and related to the manuscript’s central themes.

Note: Title, abstract, and keywords must be submitted in English, French, and Portuguese when the article is presented in Spanish. If the article is presented in English, these sections must include their Spanish translation.

The use of automatic translators is not allowed due to the low quality they usually provide. The editorial team will review the linguistic level and style of the text and may request adjustments if necessary.

Introduction and Theoretical Framework

Its purpose is to contextualize the reader regarding the research and explain its relevance and novelty. Therefore, it must clearly present the purpose of the research, explaining not only the question the study intended to answer and the origin of such concern, but also the originality and relevance of the developed work and the knowledge gap intended to be addressed.

The literature review must be current and relevant both nationally and internationally; it may be included as a subsection within the introduction and supported with bibliographic citations.

Methodology

Its purpose is to ensure transparency regarding the method used so that readers can understand and verify its development. This section must contain a detailed description of the methodological approach used to conduct the research and the justification of why it was chosen and why it was suitable for addressing the problem in question and its possible limitations.

The instruments used, selected sample, and analysis techniques (including statistical analyses, if applicable) must be mentioned. It is recommended to complement this section with graphic elements that facilitate understanding of the research process.

Results

This section presents the obtained results, highlighting key aspects. Findings must be objectively presented in accordance with the proposed objective and methodology used. These findings must be accompanied by their corresponding analysis and graphic elements (tables and figures) supporting their reading and interpretation.

Results should be presented in a logical sequence within the text, avoiding data redundancy. In case study research, the analyzed situation must be clearly described.

Discussion

The purpose of this section is to interpret the meaning of the research findings and their relevance compared to previous advances on the same topic conducted by other authors, in order to identify similarities, differences, common points, or discrepancies, thereby strengthening evidence regarding the article’s contribution to the field of knowledge addressed.

Conclusions

Its purpose is to provide a clear, rapid, and structured understanding of the contribution of the presented study. This section constitutes the closing of the article, making it highly important. It is not intended to summarize the results or discussion, but rather to provide a general reflection synthesizing the study’s contribution in relation to the proposed objective and identifying elements that could be considered in future research.

References

This section supports the academic rigor of the manuscript, thus preventing plagiarism and self-plagiarism. Only sources cited within the text must be included. Authors are encouraged to review high-quality academic databases.

Submission Requirements

To submit an article to Estrategia, authors must comply with the following presentation parameters:

Authors who significantly participated in the conception or design of the idea, analysis development, revision and writing, or interpretation of extracted data must provide the following information:

• Full name(s) of the author(s).

• Academic institution with which they are currently affiliated.

• Contact email address of the author(s), preferably associated with their institution.

• Brief academic biography specifying only academic degrees and the university where they were obtained.

• ORCID code.

Manuscript Formatting

• File type: Word.

• Paper size: Letter (21.5 cm x 27.9 cm).

• Margins: 2.5 cm on all sides.

• Font: Arial.

• Font size: 12 pt.

• Line spacing: 1.5.

• Columns: 1.

• Article length: between 6,000 and 9,000 words, including references, footnotes, and tables.

Heading Levels

All section titles (starting from the introduction) and subtitles within them must be numbered and hierarchically organized as follows, all using sentence capitalization except abbreviations and without a final period:

1. Main section title (left aligned, bold, no indentation).

1.1 First-level subtitle (left aligned, 1.27 cm indentation, bold).

1.1.1 Second-level subtitle (left aligned, 1.27 cm indentation, not bold).

1.1.1.1 Third-level subtitle (left aligned, 1.27 cm indentation, italicized, not bold).

Graphic Elements (Figures and Tables)

Graphic elements (figures and tables) are visual representations of data used in the article (images, photographs, diagrams, maps, among others). It is recommended that figures do not duplicate information already presented in the document; they must be clear, easy to understand, and support the analyses.

Tables

Their purpose is to present specific information and they form an integral part of the document (if applicable). They must be designed to be brief and easy to read, presenting the study data in an organized manner within rows and columns. Image formats (jpg, jpeg, png, or similar) are not accepted.

Both figures and tables must:

• Be numbered consecutively and independently according to their order of appearance in the text.

• Include a title briefly describing their content at the top and provide the precise reference of the source from which they were obtained at the bottom.

The format to be used is as follows:

Figure 1. Methodological Process

Source. Hernández Sampieri, 1991. (If taken from another source)

Source. Own elaboration. (If created by the author(s))

The texts within figures and tables must be fully legible, written in the same language as the article, and should not use all-capital letters. In addition to appearing in the body of the text, they must be submitted in a separate file in the original format in which they were created or in editable format, when applicable. Resolution must be equal to or greater than 300 dpi.

Footnotes are used for clarifications. Notes containing bibliographic citations are not permitted; bibliographic references must appear within the body of the text and be included in the reference list.

Citation and Reference Standards

Estrategia follows the standards of the American Psychological Association (APA) for citations and references.

All texts and authors mentioned in the body of the text through citations must be included in the reference list, and all elements included in the reference list must appear in the body of the text. Sources of figures and tables must also be included there when they are not original creations.

The reference list is placed at the end of the document and must be organized alphabetically according to the author’s surname, using a hanging indent of 1.27 cm.

If several publications by the same author are referenced, they must be organized chronologically by publication year. When several publications by the same author have the same publication year, they must be differentiated as follows:

Moreno Monsalve, N. A., & Grueso Hinestroza, M.P. (2024a). Project management and organizations: a view from modern management trends. Revista Estrategia.

Moreno Monsalve, N. A., Grueso Hinestroza, M.P., Mayett-Moreno, Y., & Sánchez Baltasar, L. (2024b). Project management and direction: an ethical perspective. Revista Estrategia.

For digital sources, authors must provide the URL and verify that it works correctly to ensure access to the content. In the case of scientific and academic articles, the DOI must be included whenever available. When documents do not include a publication date, the abbreviation “n.d.” (no date) should be used.

Reference Examples

Scientific and Academic Articles

Printed

Jiménez-Sierra, D. (2021). Social imaginary of social responsibility in the agro-industrial sector of the department of Magdalena, Colombia. Revista Estrategia, (90), 153–168.

Digital

Ramírez-Ángel, L.M., & Riaño-Casallas, M.I. (2022). Work-life balance and its relationship with mental health in workers from different professions: a systematic review. Revista Estrategia, (92), 208–252. https://doi.org/10.91158/01208160.n92.2025.3335

Books

Printed

Ospina, M. C. (2024). The revolution of the suffragists: precursors of women’s suffrage in Colombia. Ediciones UNISINU.

Moreno Monsalve, N. A., & Diez-Silva, H.M. (Eds.) (2018). Project management as a driver of organizational strategy. Ediciones UNISINU.

Digital

López, L. G., Pérez Uribe, R., & Ocampo, D. (2016). MIIGO – Intervention and innovation in associativity. Ediciones UNISINU. http://editorial.universidadean.edu.co/media/pdf-ean/miigoasociatividad.pdf

Book Chapters

Pava, G.H. (2022). Characterization of the population participating in the study identifying factors affecting the adaptation of undergraduate virtual students to the modality. In D. C. Argüelles Pabón, M. S. Guzmán Serna, F.A. Chica Cañas & G.H. Pava Díaz (Coords.), Analysis of factors affecting the adaptation of higher education virtual students to the modality: study in three higher education institutions in Colombia (pp. 45–72). Ediciones UNISINU.

Note: For digital publications, the access URL or DOI must be added.

Legal Documents

Printed

Law 23 (1982, January 28). On copyright. Official Gazette No. 35,949, February 19, 1982. Congress of Colombia.

Digital

Decree 1474 (2022, July 15). By which the “WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT)” adopted in Geneva on December 20, 1996, is enacted. Official Gazette No. 44,496, July 24, 2002. Administrative Department of Public Function. https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma.php?i=6076

Theses

Gómez López, D.F. (2022). Business plan: Artificial Intelligence and Business Intelligence for small organizations in Colombia [Master’s thesis, Universidad del Sinú]. http://hdl.handle.net/10882/135991

Note: For printed publications, it is not necessary to add the URL or DOI.

Conference Papers and Presentations

Printed

Coslado, M.Á. (2018, June 7). FECYT and the editing of scientific journals. [Conference]. InterCrecs. Madrid, Spain.

Digital

Villafana Díaz, L.G., & Barrón Villaverde, D. (2022). Commercial opportunities for the licensing of Mexican patents in the pharmaceutical area. [Conference]. International Conference on Project Management 2022. Bogotá, Colombia. http://hdl.handle.net/10882/13091

Websites

Vizcaíno-Verdú, A. (2020, October 5). Management of OJS 3.0: preferred open-source software for editors. https://doi.org/10.3916/club-de-editores-029999

Target Audience (Aim & Scope)

Estrategia is aimed at professionals, academics, researchers, and students from different areas of the social sciences, particularly economics, administration, and business.

Evaluation Process

Manuscripts submitted to Estrategia will initially undergo a preliminary review by the Editor and the Editorial Committee, who will evaluate the relevance of the manuscript in relation to the journal’s thematic lines and editorial criteria.

Once compliance with the established requirements has been verified, the article will be sent to two specialized peer reviewers, who will issue their opinions anonymously.

The journal’s committee of reviewers is composed of academics and researchers with broad experience and recognition both nationally and internationally in the publication’s related fields.

Manuscripts will be evaluated through a double-blind peer review system, ensuring confidentiality and anonymity of authors and reviewers throughout the process. In case of disagreement between the opinions issued by the two initial reviewers, the article will be sent to a third reviewer, whose evaluation will determine the final publication decision.

Conflict of Interest, Specific Research Standards, Confidentiality, and Plagiarism

All manuscripts submitted for evaluation by Estrategia must comply with the ethical guidelines established in the sections regarding intellectual property and copyright.

Each author must submit, together with the manuscript proposed for publication in Estrategia, a declaration of originality and proof of compliance with the journal’s ethical standards so that the editorial committee may continue the evaluation process.

Estrategia adheres to international and national standards regarding intellectual property and copyright, as well as the Code of Ethics of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). For more detailed information, please refer to: COPE

Universidad del Sinú – Elías Bechara Zainúm, as the publishing institution of Estrategia, aware of its responsibilities at all stages of quality publication, declares recognition of its ethical commitments and those of its reviewers.

Editorial Board / Responsibilities

The journal Estrategia has an Editorial Committee governed by the following rules:

The Editorial Committee is composed of recognized experts in Economic, Administrative, and Accounting Sciences.

Publication Decisions

The Editor of Panorama Económico and its Editorial Board are responsible for deciding which articles received by the journal should be published. Academic quality, relevance, research rigor, and contributions to the field of study are among the criteria considered when making publication decisions.

The Editor is guided by the policies of the Editorial Board of Estrategia and complies with current legal provisions regarding defamation, copyright infringement, plagiarism, among others. The editor may request support from other editors or reviewers to make this decision.

Inclusive Policy

The Editor of Estrategia and its Editorial Board must evaluate documents based on their intellectual, scientific, and academic content, without distinction of gender, race, sexual orientation, ethnic origin, nationality, religious beliefs, or political philosophy of contributors.

Confidentiality

The editor, members of the Editorial Board, and in general any member of the editorial, copyediting, proofreading, or layout team must not disclose any information regarding a submitted document to anyone other than the authors, reviewers, potential reviewers, corresponding editorial advisors, and the editor, when appropriate.

Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest

The elements or materials presented in manuscripts submitted for evaluation and publication in Panorama Económico may not be used by the Editor, members of the Editorial Board, or any member of the editorial, proofreading, copyediting, or layout team in their own research or projects without the express written consent of the contributors and authors.

Information, data, or ideas obtained through peer review are confidential and may not be used for personal benefit.

Dissemination of the Publication

The Editorial Committee will disseminate accepted works for publication as broadly as possible through mass mailing tools, databases, bibliographic catalogs, information systems, and national and international indexing systems.

Author Responsibilities

The submission of manuscripts by authors must comply with the technical and editorial criteria specified by Estrategia in its author guidelines, available on the journal’s website under “Instructions” or “Guidelines for Authors.”

Authors Must Avoid the Following Practices

Simultaneous Submission

Manuscripts submitted to Estrategia must be original and may not be simultaneously submitted to another publication.

Multiple, Concurrent, or Redundant Publication

In general terms, authors must not publish documents describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Submitting the same document to more than one serial publication constitutes unethical behavior and publication will be denied in all cases.

Likewise, authors must not submit previously published articles to another scientific or non-scientific journal. In cases of secondary publication, authors and editors of the involved journals must agree to such publication, and the same information and interpretation as in the original document must be reflected. The primary reference must be cited in the secondary publication.

Originality and Plagiarism

Authors must ensure that the document is entirely original. When the work or words of third parties are used, these must be properly cited.

Plagiarism may occur in various ways, from presenting another person’s work as one’s own to copying or paraphrasing substantial parts of another document without proper attribution, or claiming results or publication rights belonging to third parties.

Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical behavior and is unacceptable for any scientific publication, particularly for Estrategia, which uses the “Turnitin” tool for plagiarism detection.

If plagiarism is detected, the author will be informed and required to make the corresponding corrections, or the article may be rejected depending on the severity of the plagiarism.

Falsification of Results

Documents must truthfully present the results obtained. Fraudulent practices include fabrication or manipulation of study data for the convenience of the author.

Authors Should Promote the Following Practices

Accurate Data and Information

Authors of research articles must provide an accurate account of the work carried out, as well as an objective discussion of its significance and originality.

Specific data must be accurately represented and included in the document. Manuscripts must be clear, detailed, and include references, data, graphs, and other elements enabling replication of the work by other researchers.

Fraudulent or inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable.

Review articles, reflections, and other professional publications must also be accurate and objective, while editorials, short articles, letters to the editor, reviews, etc., must be clearly identified as such.

Retention and Access to Data

Authors must provide original data for editorial review and facilitate public access to such data or ensure its availability after publication.

Authorship of the Document

Authorship must be limited to a maximum of four contributors, all of whom must have made significant and specific contributions to the creation, design, execution, analysis, and interpretation of the article.

If other professionals contributed substantially to the document, their contribution must be acknowledged in the acknowledgments section or other contribution statements.

The lead author must guarantee that all co-authors reviewed and approved the final version of the document, unanimously confirming that the article may be published in Estrategia.

Respect for Third-Party Intellectual Property Rights

Authors must ensure that they have obtained authorization to use material that does not belong to them (reproduction and publication of tables, graphs, maps, diagrams, photographs, etc.).

Proper Citation

Authors must correctly cite the source texts used in the research throughout the manuscript.

Honesty and Truthfulness

The journal values works that present honest results consistent with the objectives and research methods employed.

All authors are required to provide retractions or corrections of errors when necessary.

Once an article has been submitted, authors commit to:

Declaring Any Possible Conflict of Interest

All contributors to a manuscript must declare any substantial financial or other conflict of interest that could influence the results or interpretation of the article.

Likewise, all sources of economic or financial support for the publication of the manuscript must be properly acknowledged.

Examples of possible conflicts of interest that must be declared include:

• Employment

• Consultancies

• Stock ownership

• Fees or honoraria

• Paid expert testimony

• Patent applications

• Registrations

• Grants or other funding

Potential conflicts of interest must be disclosed at the time the manuscript is submitted to Panorama Económico so they may be considered during the editorial process.

Signing the Publication Agreement or Authorization to Publish

Authors of accepted manuscripts authorize, through the signing of the publication agreement, the reproduction, dissemination, and use of their works under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Taking into Account the Comments Issued by the Editorial Team, Editorial Committee, and Peer Reviewers

Authors must consider the comments and observations made by the Editorial Team, Editorial Committee, and reviewers.

Making the Requested Modifications

Authors must make the modifications requested by these entities within the period assigned by the Editorial Team.

During the editing process, authors may be consulted by editors to resolve any questions that arise. All communication between authors and the journal’s editorial team will be conducted via email.

Responsibilities of Peer Reviewers

Estrategia has an evaluation form for reviewers (available on the journal’s website), which includes all selected criteria for evaluating articles based on academic quality, relevance, research rigor, and contribution to the field of study.

Reviewers must:

Contribute to Editorial Decisions

Peer review provides the editor with fundamental elements for editorial decision-making.

In this regard, the editor of Estrategia serves as an important link between reviewer and author, since through this interaction the manuscript may improve in terms of structure and quality.

Relevance and Qualification

When a reviewer selected to evaluate a manuscript suitable for publication in Estrategia does not feel qualified to review the document, they must promptly inform the Editor.

Confidentiality

Estrategia declares that all documents received for evaluation are confidential.

They must not be presented, reviewed, discussed, or analyzed with third parties except when authorized by the Editor.

Standards of Objectivity

Comments, observations, criticisms, and corrections made by reviewers must be objective.

Personal criticism directed at the author is inappropriate.

Reviewers must express their opinions clearly and support them with arguments derived from their knowledge of the manuscript’s subject matter.

Proper Recognition of Sources

Reviewers may recommend the inclusion of citations or bibliographic references they consider relevant and that have not been cited by the authors.

Any statement, observation, derivation, or argument must be accompanied by the corresponding citation.

A reviewer may also draw the editor’s attention to any substantial or partial similarity between the manuscript under review and another published document known personally to the reviewer.

Declaration of Conflicts of Interest

Original and unpublished elements contained in manuscripts received by Estrategia must not be used in research projects or manuscripts by reviewers without the author’s consent.

Likewise, all information, ideas, images, graphs, and other materials derived from peer review are confidential and may not be used for personal benefit by reviewers.

Additionally, reviewers must declare any impediment when a manuscript presents a conflict of interest.

Open Access Policy

This is an open-access journal that does not charge authors either for the editorial process or for publication.

All editorial production costs are assumed by Universidad del Sinú – Elías Bechara Zainúm.

The journal is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright

Authors retain copyright and full publishing rights without restrictions.

By submitting a manuscript and upon acceptance for publication in ESTRATEGIA, authors grant the journal only the right of first publication. The published work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) license.

This license permits users to:

• Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
• Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material.

Under the following terms:

• Attribution (BY): Appropriate credit must be given to the authors and to the journal as the original source of publication.
• NonCommercial (NC): The material may not be used for commercial purposes.
• ShareAlike (SA): If the material is remixed, transformed, or built upon, the resulting work must be distributed under the same license.

Authors may enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the published version of their work (e.g., depositing it in an institutional repository or including it in a book), provided that the original publication in ESTRATEGIA is acknowledged.

ESTRATEGIA does not impose any restrictions on authors' copyright or publishing rights. Authors retain full copyright and unrestricted publishing rights over their work.

Claims and Complaints

Any claim or complaint must be submitted in writing via the institutional email:

revistaestrategia@unisinu.edu.co

The maximum response time will be three business days from receipt of the complaint.

Digital Preservation Statement – PKP PN

The journal Estrategia uses the PKP Preservation Network (PKP PN) system as a digital preservation mechanism, ensuring the permanent safeguarding and long-term access to its academic content. This system enables the secure preservation of published articles through a distributed digital preservation network managed by the Public Knowledge Project (PKP), ensuring the availability and recovery of information in the event of possible technological failures or data loss.

Digital Preservation Statement – LOCKSS

The journal Estrategia participates in the LOCKSS system (Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe), which allows the creation of a distributed archive among participating libraries to ensure the permanent preservation and restoration of the journal. Through this system, libraries generate permanent copies of the contents for conservation and continuous access purposes, guaranteeing the integrity and availability of the published scientific information.

Digital Preservation Statement – CLOCKSS

The journal Estrategia implements the CLOCKSS system (Controlled Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe) as a long-term digital preservation strategy. CLOCKSS guarantees the secure and distributed storage of published content through an international network of libraries and digital archives, ensuring permanent access to scientific production even in the event of possible losses, editorial discontinuity, or technological failures.